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Plain bearing is a bearing that works under sliding friction. The sliding bearing works smoothly, reliably and without noise. Under liquid lubrication conditions, the sliding surface is separated by lubricating oil without direct contact, and friction loss and surface wear can be greatly reduced. The oil film also has a certain vibration absorption capacity. But the starting frictional resistance is relatively large. The part of the shaft supported by the bearing is called the journal, and the parts matching the journal are called the bearing bush. In order to improve the friction properties of the bearing pad surface, the anti-friction material layer cast on the inner surface is called the bearing liner. The materials of bearing bushes and bearing linings are collectively referred to as sliding bearing materials. Sliding bearing applications are generally under high-speed and light-load conditions.

mea autu autu:
Commonly used plain bearing materials include bearing alloys (also called Babbitt or white alloys), wear-resistant cast iron, copper-based and aluminum-based alloys, powder metallurgy materials, plastics, rubber, hardwood and carbon-graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (special Flon, PTFE), modified polyoxymethylene (POM), etc.
The plain bearing absorbs and transmits the force between the relative moving parts, and maintains the position and positioning accuracy of the two parts. In addition, the directional motion must be converted into rotary motion (such as a reciprocating piston engine).

Manua

Fausaga tuufaatasiga:
Sliding friction occurs when plain bearings are working; the magnitude of sliding friction mainly depends on the manufacturing accuracy; and the magnitude of friction of plain bearings mainly depends on the material of the sliding surface of the bearing. Plain bearings generally have a self-lubricating function on the working surface; sliding bearings are divided into non-metallic sliding bearings and metal sliding bearings according to their materials.
Non-metallic plain bearings are mainly made of plastic bearings. Plastic bearings are generally made of engineering plastics with better performance; more professional manufacturers generally have engineering plastic self-lubricating modification technology, through fiber, special lubricants, glass beads And so on to improve the self-lubricating modification of engineering plastics to achieve certain performance, and then use modified plastics to process into self-lubricating plastic bearings through injection molding.
The most commonly used metal sliding bearing in the early 21st century is the three-layer composite bearing. This kind of bearing is generally based on carbon steel plate. A layer of spherical copper powder is sintered on the steel plate through sintering technology, and then the copper powder layer is sintered. The upper layer is sintered with a layer of PTFE lubricant of about 0.03mm; the main function of the middle layer of spherical copper powder is to enhance the bonding strength between the steel plate and PTFE, of course, it also plays a role in bearing and lubricating during work.

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Manufacturing materials:
1) Metal materials, such as bearing alloys, bronze, aluminum-based alloys, zinc-based alloys, etc.
Bearing alloys: bearing alloys are also called white alloys. They are mainly alloys of tin, lead, antimony or other metals. Due to their good wear resistance, high plasticity, good running-in performance, good thermal conductivity and good resistance to glue and oil It has good adsorption, so it is suitable for heavy load and high speed. The strength of the bearing alloy is small and the price is more expensive. When used, it must be cast on bronze, steel belt or cast iron bearing bushes to form a thinner coating.
2) Porous metal materials (powder metallurgy materials)
Porous metal material: Porous metal is a kind of powder material. It has a porous structure. If it is immersed in lubricating oil, the micropores are filled with lubricating oil, and it becomes an oil-containing bearing with self-lubricating properties. Porous metal materials have low toughness and are only suitable for steady non-impact load and medium and low speed conditions.
3) Non-metallic materials
Bearing plastics: Commonly used bearing plastics include phenolic plastics, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc. Plastic bearings have greater compressive strength and wear resistance, and can be lubricated with oil and water. They also have self-lubricating properties, but have poor thermal conductivity.

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Damage and prevention:
faʻaleagaina:
When the sliding bearing is working, friction will occur due to the contact between the journal and the bearing bush, resulting in surface heating, wear and even "seizure". Therefore, when designing the bearing, the sliding bearing material with good anti-friction properties should be used to make the bearing bush, and a suitable lubricant And adopt a suitable supply method to improve the structure of the bearing to obtain thick film lubrication.
1. Corrosion of tile surface: Spectral analysis found that the concentration of non-ferrous metal elements is abnormal; there are many sub-micron wear particles of non-ferrous metal components in the spectrum; the moisture of lubricating oil exceeds the standard, and the acid value exceeds the standard.
2. Corrosion on the journal surface: Spectral analysis found that the concentration of iron is abnormal, there are many sub-micron particles of iron in the iron spectrum, and the moisture or acid value of the lubricant exceeds the standard.
3. Strain on the journal surface: there are iron-based cutting abrasive particles or black oxide particles in the iron spectrum, and the metal surface has a tempered color.
4. Fretting wear on the back of the tile: Spectral analysis found that the iron concentration is abnormal. There are many sub-micron wear particles of iron in the iron spectrum, and the oil moisture and acid value are abnormal.
5. Bearing surface strain: cutting abrasive particles are found in the iron spectrum, and the abrasive particles are composed of non-ferrous metals.
6. Tile surface spalling: There are many large-size fatigue spalling alloy wear particles and layered abrasive particles found in the iron spectrum.
7. Bearing burnt bush: There are more large-size alloy abrasive grains and ferrous metal oxides in the iron spectrum.
8. Bearing wear: due to the metal properties of the shaft (high hardness, poor concession) and other reasons, it is easy to cause adhesion wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, fretting wear and other conditions.

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Puipuiga metotia:
Prevention of paint rust: Paint rust is characterized by a sealed motor. The motor sounds good at first, but after a period of storage, the motor becomes very abnormal sound, removing the severe rust of the bearing. Many manufacturers will be regarded as the problem of the front bearing, the main problem is that the insulating paint volatile acid at a certain temperature, humidity, metal corrosion and protection, the formation of corrosive substances, channel sliding bearings cause corrosion damage.
Sliding bearing life is closely related to manufacturing, assembly, and use. Every link must be used to make the best bearing for the country to extend the life of the bearing.
1. In the process of producing coating machine bearings, some companies did not strictly follow the cleaning and anti-rust regulations and oil seal anti-rust packaging requirements for coating machine bearing parts during processing and coating machine bearing finished products after assembly. . If the turnover time of the ferrule is too long during the turnover process, the outer circle of the outer ring contacts corrosive liquid or gas.
2. The quality of anti-rust lubricating oil, cleaning kerosene and other products used in production by some enterprises cannot meet the requirements of process technology regulations.
3. As the price of coating machine bearing steel dropped again and again, the material of coating machine bearing steel gradually declined. For example, the content of non-metallic impurities in steel is too high (the increase of sulfur content in steel reduces the corrosion resistance of the material itself), the deviation of metallographic structure, etc. The coating machine bearing steel used by the manufacturing enterprises is of mixed sources, and the quality of the steel is mixed.
4. Some companies have poor environmental conditions, high levels of harmful substances in the air, and too small a turnover space, making it difficult to carry out effective rust prevention treatment. In addition, the hot weather and the violation of anti-corrosion regulations by production workers also exist.
5. Some companies' anti-rust paper, nylon paper (bag) and plastic tube and other coating machine sliding bearing packaging materials that do not meet the requirements of rolling coater bearing oil seal anti-rust packaging are also one of the factors that cause corrosion.
6. The turning allowance and grinding allowance of sliding bearing ring of coating machine in some enterprises are too small, and the oxide scale and decarburization layer on the outer circle cannot be completely removed.

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Category:
There are many types of sliding bearings:
①According to the direction that can bear the load, it can be divided into two types: radial (centripetal) sliding bearings and thrust (axial) sliding bearings.
②According to the type of lubricant, it can be divided into 7 categories: oil lubricated bearings, grease lubricated bearings, water lubricated bearings, gas bearings, solid lubricated bearings, magnetic fluid bearings and electromagnetic bearings.
③According to the thickness of the lubricating film, it can be divided into thin film lubricated bearings and thick film lubricated bearings.
④According to the bearing material, it can be divided into bronze bearings, cast iron bearings, plastic bearings, gem bearings, powder metallurgy bearings, self-lubricating bearings and oil-impregnated bearings.
⑤According to the bearing structure, it can be divided into round bearings, elliptical bearings, three-oil-blade bearings, stepped surface bearings, tilting shoe bearings and foil bearings.
Bearings are divided into split and integral structures. In order to improve the friction properties of the bearing bush, one or two layers of anti-friction materials are often cast on the inner diameter surface of the bearing, which is usually called a bearing lining. Therefore, there are bimetal bearing bushes and trimetal bearing bushes.
Bearing bushes or bearing linings are important parts of sliding bearings, and the materials of bearing bushes and bearing linings are collectively referred to as bearing materials. Since the bearing bush or bearing bush is in direct contact with the journal, the journal is generally wear-resistant, so the main failure mode of the bearing is wear.
The wear of the bearing bush is directly related to the material of the journal, the material of the bearing itself, the lubricant and the state of lubrication. These factors should be comprehensively considered when selecting the bearing material to improve the service life and working performance of the sliding bearing.

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Metotia Gaosiga:
In China, repair welding, bushing, pitting, etc. are generally used for sliding bearing wear. However, when the shaft is made of 45# steel (quenched and tempered), if only surfacing is used, welding will occur. Stress, under heavy load or high-speed operation, cracks or even fractures may appear at the shaft shoulder. If stress relief annealing is used, it is difficult to operate, and the processing cycle is long, and the maintenance cost is high; when the shaft material is HT200 , The use of cast iron welding is not ideal. Some companies with higher maintenance technology will use brush plating, laser welding, micro-arc welding and even cold welding, etc. These maintenance technologies often require higher requirements and high costs.
For the above repair technology, it is not common in European, American, Japanese and Korean companies. Developed countries generally use polymer composite technology and nanotechnology. Polymer technology can be operated on site, which effectively improves maintenance efficiency and reduces maintenance costs and repairs. strength.

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Pay attention to the problem:
Sliding bearings are in surface contact, so a certain oil film must be maintained between the contact surfaces. Therefore, the following issues should be paid attention to when designing:
1. Make the oil film enter the friction surface smoothly.
2. Oil should enter the bearing from the non-loading surface area.
3. Do not make the full ring oil groove open in the middle of the bearing.
4. If oil tile, open oil groove at the joint.
5. Make the oil ring fully reliable.
6. Do not block the fueling hole.
7. Don't form an oil stagnant zone.
8. Prevent sharp edges and corners that cut off the oil film.

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aso

28 Oketopa 2020

pine

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